AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF RECENT SDA BIBLICAL SCHOLARSHIP ON

SDA EVANGELISTIC PRESENTATIONS ON DANIEL EIGHT

Allan Falk

Submitted to Laurence A. Turner

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the module

BDBS322 Biblical Apocalyptic

 4-12-2006

Newbold College in partnership with the University of Wales Lampeter

An Assessment of the Impact of Recent SDA Biblical Scholarship on

SDA Evangelistic Presentations on Daniel eight

Introduction

One of the fundamental beliefs within Adventism is that Christ has a ministry in the heavenly sanctuary. One of the doctrines or beliefs related to the last part of this atoning ministry is today called pre Advent judgement. Pre Advent judgement or Investigative Judgement as it was called earlier is mainly based on Daniel chapter seven and eight, Leviticus chapter sixteen and Revelation chapter fourteen; as the relevant texts in Daniel and Revelation are prophecy they will need exegesis and interpretation. Because the belief in question is related to Christ’s ministry of salvation, this exegesis or interpretation should if it is done in a truthful way influence the evangelistic message of the church.

        It is however not always easy for church members to change or rephrase their beliefs just because their modern Biblical scholars presents new insight on a certain topic. Consequently the new insights might not be realised in evangelistic efforts right away. Being committed to truthful and effective evangelism this is a challenge for the church.

        Therefore the search of this paper seeks to identify any impact of resent Adventist scholarship on evangelism in relation to the Hebrew word  sadaq in Daniel 8. 14. The purpose of this search is to get an idea about how likely such new insight or interpretations are to influence evangelistic messages.

        I will seek to achieve the aim of this search through a brief historic introduction of the Adventist belief “The Investigative Judgement”. Then I will examine two resent interpretations of the book of Daniel in relation to the word sadaq in chapter eight verse fourteen. Thereafter I will try to trace any new thoughts or insights in three different evangelistic texts. Finally I will analyse and discuss the results.

        For this search to be more complete it should have covered a greater part of the book of Daniel, but because of the limitations of this paper I have limited it to the word sadaq in chapter eight verse fourteen. This examination of only one word in only two new interpretations and three evangelistic texts seem to be to limited a search, to provide a reliable result. It should however be noted that it is part of a very prominent doctrine for the Adventist church,[1] so hopefully the result will be informative enough to suggest some direction for further study.       

        The outline will be like this:

1) Introduction

2) sadaq

3) Adventism and the Investigative Judgement

4) Resent Interpretations of the word sadaq

        a) William H. Shea

        b) Jacques B. Doukhan

        c) Summary of new Insight  

5) Evangelistic Presentations of Daniel 8. 14

        a) Paul Birch Petersen

        b) Mark Finley

        c) Clifford Goldstein

        d) Summary of Evangelistic Presentations

        e) Assessment of Impact

6) Discussion of the Impact

7) Conclusion

 sadaq

First I want to introduce the text from where our word sadaq is identified. This text is found in the third dream related in the apocalyptic book of Daniel. As such it might be loaded with information about things which will happen some time in history either in the past, present or future.

        NRS Daniel 8. 14 And he answered him, "For two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary shall be restored to its rightful state." In this answer from a heavenly or holy being, we have two information’s which are important for the Sanctuary teaching within Adventism. First a time period telling when something important is going to happen in the heavenly Sanctuary, and then what is going to happen.[2] The answer to this last question is depending on the right translation of the word sadaq. The fact that the translation of the word sadaq here in its niphal form only found once in the Bible is a challenge is easily demonstrated just by looking at a few Bible translations like the following:

NRS then the sanctuary shall be restored to its rightful state.

NIV then the sanctuary will be reconsecrated.

ASV then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.

DBY then shall the sanctuary be vindicated.

AB then the sanctuary shall be purified.

NAS then the holy place will be properly restored.

As it is not within the scope of this paper to explore the difficulties in translation, this will suffice to demonstrate that the meaning of sadaq in Daniel 8. 14 are widely debated.

    Adventism and the Investigative Judgement

In August 1831 William Miller delivered his first lecture on the Second Advent.[3] The predictions in Daniel 8. 14 had among other texts in the Bible convinced him that Jesus was coming back soon. The cleansing of the sanctuary was for him the end of this world and the time prediction convinced him that it was to be soon.

        Many received the message and many got disappointed on the 22nd October 1844 when Jesus did not return. As a consequence some began to reconsider their interpretation of the biblical texts, and already the following day on the 23rd October Hiram Edson realised that the Sanctuary was not the earth but the Sanctuary in heaven.[4] From these first experiences the beliefs related to the Sanctuary service in heaven developed.

        Soon the belief that people would be judged during this last Sanctuary service done by Jesus emerged, and the word Investigative Judgement was used first time by Elon Everts in 1856.[5]

        I will now mention a list of findings on the cleansing in the Sanctuary and then wind it up with a summary.

        In Uriah Smith’s book The Prophecies of Daniel and Revelation which he wrote during the 1860s and 70s it becomes clear that he understood the service in heaven to be of the same character as the ones taking place during the Day of Atonement in the ancient Israel. Holding Daniel 8. 14 together with Revelation 14. 7 he concluded that Jesus is cleansing away the sins of people from the Sanctuary and at the same time judging to see who should have eternal life.[6]

        In E. G. White’s book The Great Controversy first printed in 1888 she makes clear that the cleansing of the Heavenly Sanctuary for the sins of people is connected with an Investigative Judgement. Later in 1890 she writes in The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald that Christ is working for us in heaven cleansing the Sanctuary for our sins, and that we are to work for Christ cleansing our soul temples for any defilement.[7]

        When Stephen N. Haskell interprets Daniel 8. 14 in 1904 he states that the Investigative Judgement was revealed to Daniel, showing us that he included the act of judging in the word sadaq.[8]

        In 1923 the book The Great Judgement Day by John L. Shuler came and explained the whole process of cleansing and judgement.[9] He saw the Investigative Judgement as a process taking place from 1844 until the day Jesus comes back.[10] An investigation deciding who is to be saved.

        Opening the book The Sanctuary Service by M. L. Andreasen from 1937 new insights surfaces. He describes how the papal system has become a competitor to Christ’s service in heaven.[11] Then he brings out a new meaning to the word sadaq, which could also be restoration. Further he suggests that Christ’s service in heaven was to be restored by 1844.[12] In addition to this he brings the idea that God is cleansing a group of people referred to in Revelation as the 144,000;

they are meant to take part in the vindication[13] of God himself. Reflecting Gods image, they will finally disprove Satan’s accusations against God.[14]

        In 1957 the Adventist Church made a public statement in the book Questions on Doctrine, explaining that we do believe in an Investigative Judgement.[15]

        To get a clearer picture of the understanding which has thus prevailed concerning the cleansing of the Sanctuary during the first one hundred years of the Adventist church’s history, I will summarise the aspects I have discovered in a few lines:

1) The Sanctuary is cleansed for all the sins which have been transferred to it when ever people have asked for forgiveness.[16]

2) There is an Investigative Judgement going on in the Sanctuary.[17]

3) As cleaning is going on in heaven, Gods people is encouraged to cleans their own hearts.[18]

4) The Sanctuary service is being restored to people.[19]

        As much as this reflects the beliefs of the major part of the Adventist church during a century, there have always been people challenging it.  It was not before 1857 James White finally accepted that there is an Investigative Judgement going on in heaven.[20] Over the years a few people left the church over the issue, but it was not until the 27th October 1979 when Desmond Ford openly challenged the Historic Adventist Sanctuary doctrine, stating that Jesus entered the Most Holy Place, not in 1844, but right after his resurrection, the real debate came.[21] This prompted the Church to make a great study into the issue, but as it is not within the scope of this research to enter into this debate, it will suffice to bring the final statement of the investigation made, as it was printed in the book Symposium on Daniel:[22]

1) God and His sanctuary are to be vindicated.

2) The people of God will be cleansed.

3) God will judge His people.

        These three statements were still recognised when the General Conference in 2005 printed the new edition of the book Seventh-day Adventists Believe.[23]

   Resent Interpretations of the word sadaq

As already mentioned this part of the study should have included a long list of books, but it is however my hope that the two books chosen for the purpose will suffice to give a hint of direction. Let me introduce the two authors and their books:

1) Daniel: A Reader’s Guide by William H. Shea.

Shea has two doctorates and has served as a professor of Old Testament at Andrews University.

2) Secrets of Daniel: Wisdom and Dreams of a Jewish Prince in Exile by Jacques B. Doukhan.

Doukhan also has two doctorates one in Hebrew language and literature, and one in Old Testament exegesis. Doukhan is currently teaching at Andrews University.

        Considering their level of education and where they have served, I have deemed them as qualifying for the purpose of this study.

William H. Shea

Shea links the cleansing in Daniel 8. 14 with the Atonement talked about in Leviticus 16. 16.[24]  The priest was to make Atonement for the Sanctuary because of the sins transferred to it. Then he describes the two sources which had possibly conducted these sins.[25]

1) The people were one of the sources, when they committed a sin; they came to the Sanctuary with an offering. Through this ritual their sins were transferred to the Sanctuary.

2) Another defilement of the Sanctuary would occur if the priest conducted their service in a wrong way, an idol was introduced in the Sanctuary or foreign powers stopped the service.

        Once a year at the Day of Atonement the Sanctuary was cleaned for all these impurities.

        Founding on this Shea divides the cleansing of the Heavenly Sanctuary into the same two major groups.

a) When people after the death of Christ sinned and asked for forgiveness, their sins were transferred to the Heavenly Sanctuary.

b) The Papal system of service have over the years competed with Christ’s ministry in heaven, and thereby defiled the Sanctuary. The Papal system have condemned many righteous people during the history, these acts have also defiled the Heavenly Sanctuary.

        So according to Shea at least three major things are realised in the word sadaq.

1) The cleansing away of peoples forgiven sins.

2) God will judge between the two systems of service, and restore Christ’s service to its full rights.

3) The wrong decisions made by the worldly priests will be overturned and righted.

        In addition it should be mentioned that when chapter seven to nine are read together Shea does see the Investigative Judgement as a reality, and then he says that the judgement will only reflect the decisions of people; did they decide to follow Jesus or not?[26] Winding up chapter seven to nine he describes Christ’s death on the cross as justifying people and Christ’s ministry in the Sanctuary in heaven today as sanctifying people.[27]

Jacques B. Doukhan

Doukhan sees chapter seven as a message about judgement and chapter eight as a message about cleansing of the Sanctuary, but because they both describe the same period of time they really describe the same event.[28]

        Realising the word sadaq in Hebrew translated into the Greek word katharisai meaning purify, Doukan suggests that we are actually dealing with the Day of Atonement. Further more he sees a connection between the creation week and the Sanctuary, both were created in seven stages and ended with a Sabbath or a Day of Atonement, which were both sacred.[29] This leads to his view that the Day of Atonement actually brings both judgement and creation. The judgement decides who will enjoy the new world and the creation makes the new world. The new insight I found in Doukhan’s book can be formulated like this:

1) In the context of the Heavenly Sanctuary and its Day of Atonement, ‘judgement is synonymous with creation, as both imply a radical separation. Kippur is simultaneously the awareness of divine judgement and the hope of re-creation.’[30]

2) The knowledge about a divine judgement invites us to repentance and self-denial, and the promise of re-creation gives us hope for a better future, which is real.

        Finally it is noteworthy that Doukhan in his interpretation of chapter nine, suggests that while the cleansing in heaven takes place; God’s people here on earth will not only believe in the cross, they will make different choices and act differently.[31] This might resemble Shea’s mentioning of a sanctification process in the present time, Andreasen’s mentioning of the 144.000 and E. G. White presentation in her book the Great Controversy page 425, of God’s people being in a process of putting away their sins.[32]

Summary new Insight

It is now time to identify any new insight from the two books in question, to do that I will repeat the four findings from the historic or classical beliefs we identified previously:

1) The Sanctuary is cleansed for all the sins which have been transferred to it whenever people have asked for forgiveness.

2) There is an Investigative Judgement going on in the Sanctuary.

3) As cleansing is going on in heaven, God’s people are encouraged to cleanse their own hearts.

4) The Sanctuary service is being restored to people.

        Shea’s book brought only one new thought, the thought that we as people decide the outcome of the judgement ourselves. Do we decide to follow Jesus or not? In addition it mentions the correction of all the wrong condemnations which have been done by the rival system.

        Doukhan’s book approaches the interpretation with a Jewish background, bringing quite different aspects to the surface. His linking of judgement and creation is as far as I can see new insight. So out of our word in question sadaq Doukhan can see new creation coming. This way Daniel 8. 14 are not only talking about the completion of this sinful world, he is also talking about the creation of a new just and glorious world to come.

        The summary of the new thoughts identified is then like this:

1) The outcome of the Investigative Judgement depends on peoples own decision.

2) The meaning of the word sadaq also includes restoration or re-creation.

        Before leaving this section it might be worth mentioning that both Doukhan and Shea supports the classical Adventist view that Jesus entered the Most Holy Place after 1844, and not right after his ascension as Desmond Ford declared in 1979.[33]

Evangelistic presentations of Daniel 8. 14

It is now time to introduce the three Evangelists in question and their respective evangelistic or teaching material:

1) Paul Birch Petersen Ph.D. now working as the Field Secretary for the Adventist Church in the South Pacific was a pastor in Denmark where he also served as Union President for some time. The material which we will examine is a Danish correspondence school material called ‘Daniels Bog: For Dem, der vil gå I dybden.’[34]

2) Mark Finley one of the vice presidents of the Adventist church is a well known evangelist often precenting on TV. The material in question is an English correspondence school material from It is Written on the book of Daniel called ‘Unsealing Daniel’s Mysteries.

3) Clifford Goldstein M.A. is the editor of the Adult Sabbath School Bible Study Guide within the Adventist Church, at the same time he was the author of the Sabbath School lessons prepared for the third quarter 2006, which dealt with the Sanctuary service.

        To make the following search as clear as possible I will only try to identify the new insights sited in Shea’s book Daniel: A Reader’s Guide and Doukhan’s book Secrets of Daniel.

1) The outcome of the Investigative Judgement depends on peoples own decision.

2) The meaning of the word sadaq also includes restoration or re-creation.

Paul Birch Petersen

Checking Paul Birch Petersen’s correspondence school material “Daniel’s Bog”[35] I read through lesson eight to twelve covering the book of Daniel chapter seven to nine.

        In lesson ten on page five Petersen lists three things happening as a result of the cleansing mentioned in Daniel 8. 14. As the third point Dr Petersen wrote: ‘en udryddelse af alle syndens følger I forbindelse med Jesu genkomst og jordens genskabelse.’[36] This corresponds well with Doukhan’s interpretation resulting in restoration and re-creation.

        As an extra note it could be mentioned that just like Shea and Doukhan Petersen also alludes to a change in the hearts of the followers of Jesus.[37]

Mark Finley

Checking Mark Finley’s correspondence school material “Unsealing Daniel’s Mysteries” I read through the lessons covering Daniel’s book chapter seven to nine.

        Throughout the entire three lessons I found nothing resembling the two new insights found in the works of Shea and Doukhan.

        However Finley also mentions a change in the harts of the followers of Jesus.       

Clifford Goldstein

Checking Clifford Goldstein’s Adult Bible Study Guides for the third quarter 2006 I read lesson through all fourteen lessons.

        In lesson fourteen on page 116 I clearly found the idea that God when he is judging us is really just confirming the decision we have made ourselves. That way God is making it know to the entire universe what every single individual have decided; if they are for or against Jesus? This resembles Shea’s view concerning the individual judgement.

        In lesson twelve on page 97 I found the idea that Gods people will finally inherit the eternal Kingdom of God. Even if it is not spelled out in any detail, this might resemble the re-creation Doukhan talked about.

       In lesson five on page 42 and 43 Goldstein like all the previous authors’ raises the question concerning cleansing of our own individual souls.

Summary of Evangelistic Presentations

        To make it easier to get the full picture of this search I will again mention the two new insights I was looking fore:

1) The outcome of the Investigative Judgement depends on peoples own decision.

2) The meaning of the word sadaq also includes restoration or re-creation.

          Going through the last section once again the following will emerge:

a) Petersen’s lessons included the insight concerning re-creation.

b) Finley’s lessons did not include any of the two new insights.

c) Goldstein’s Sabbath School Lessons clearly brought the insight concerning the individual judgement, and they alluded to the Kingdom of God as something new and better to come.

Assessment of impact

Looking at the summary of the evangelistic presentations it is soon discovered that only two of the presentations included any of the new insights, and it is also soon realised that only one included both of the new insights, one clearly and one only alluded to.

        At first sight it can then be established that there seems to be an impact, even if this impact is not too convincing.

Discussion of the impact

Before the impact is discussed further it might be right to note that the brief study I made to establish the traditional or classical believes, might not have uncovered everything. Thereafter it should be noted that I do not have the dates for the authoring of Petersen’s and Finley’s lessons, they might have been written before Shea’s and Doukhan’s books. What I do know is that Goldstein read Doukhan’s book because he refers to it in lesson four on page thirty.

        The results of this search and the fact that Goldstein read Doukhan’s book the Secrets of Daniel, and afterwards only alluded to the re-creation aspect of it, gives me the feeling that new insight not easily finds its ways into evangelistic presentations. Therefore I will now give this problem a few thoughts.

        The only reason we have evangelistic presentations is that the Bible contains good news for humankind, and that we as Christians believe these good news. This can however be very complicated because some of this good news needs interpretation of the Bible before they can be presented to an audience in a campaign.

        Ever since pioneers like William Miller and E. G. White gave their version of the good news many others have tried to add their views. The consequence has been that all of these interpreters have their followers and their critics. Communication I have just had with Dr Petersen illustrates that very well, he doubts M. L. Andreasen’s view on the cleansing of the human soul taking place simultaneously with the cleansing of the Sanctuary.[38]

        The result seems to be, that any new interpretation will have its supporters and its critics. If the supporters are in majority the new insight might over time be recognised enough to be adopted in the belief system of members of the church. If the majority of members finally believe in the new insight, it will most probably be accepted as part of the present truth. If my argument is true, some modern scholars might not see their ideas accepted in their life time, but if the ideas are valid they will probably be used later.

        Looking at it practically, it might not be all that hard to figure out. If a pastor is preparing for an evangelistic effort, then he prepares to present the points which are already widely accepted by the church. After that is in place he might read new and interesting literature on the topic, and if it is convincing enough he might include it, if not he will obviously leave it out. The point is that the presenting pastor or evangelist has to believe the new insight before he can present it.          

Conclusion

The introduction showed how the word sadaq being a key word in Daniel 8. 14 has become one

of the central words in the teaching concerning the Sanctuary service, as it is thought within the Adventist church. Then it was demonstrated how the interpretation of sadaq can produce a wide range of meanings, and it was furthermore shown how these interpretations can be summarised into at least four classical or traditional statements:

1) The Sanctuary is cleansed for all the sins which have been transferred to it when ever people have asked for forgiveness.

2) There is an Investigative Judgement going on in the Sanctuary.

3) As cleaning is going on in heaven, Gods people is encouraged to cleans their own hearts.

4) The Sanctuary service is being restored to people.

        After that it was mentioned that these statements have been challenged by scholars like Desmond Ford, preparing the way for a serious debate in the 1980s, resulting in the church reaffirming the classical believes.

        After that two resent scholarly works were examined and new insight identified. The result can be presented in two statements:

1) The outcome of the Investigative Judgement depends on peoples own decision.

2) The meaning of the word sadaq also includes restoration or re-creation.

        This new insight was then sought for in three evangelistic presentations, resulting in a few findings. It was however recognised that new insight does not easily find its way to evangelistic presentations. It was finally suggested that the major reason for this lack of use of the latest findings, might be found in the fact that an evangelist must believe what he proclaims. An evangelist might not accept new insight as truth as fast as scholars would like.

Bibliography

Andreasen, M. L., The Sanctuary Service, (MD: Review and Herald, 1947)

Bates, Joseph, ‘Midnight Cry in the Past.’, Second Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald,

        December 1850, p. 21

Doukhan, Jacques B., Secrets of Daniel, (MD: Review and Herald, 2000)

Finley, Mark, Unsealing Daniel’s Mysteries, (Correspondence course)

Ford, Desmond, Daniel 8: 14, The Day of Atonement, and the Investigative Judgement,

        (FL: Euangelion Press, 1980)

Goldstein, Clifford, The Gospel, 1844: The 1844 judgement brings the Cross into greater focus.

Greer III, Lee F. and Greer Jr., Lee F., ‘Reflections on Daniel 8-9: Sanctuary and Advent’,

        <http://www.atoday.com/6.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=307&tx_ttnews%5

        BbackPid%5D=...> [accessed 27 November 2006]

Haskell, Stephen N., The Story of Daniel the Prophet, (NY: Bible Training School, 1904)

Maxwell, C. Mervyn, The Message of Daniel, (Canada: Pacific Press, 1981)

Paulson, Kevin D., ‘1844: Embattled Yet Enduring’,

        <http://www.greatcontroversy.org/gco/rar/pau-1844.php> [accessed 27 November 2006]

Petersen, Paul Birch, Daniels Bog, (Danish correspondence course)

Price, George MCCready, The Greatest of the Prophets, (CA: Pacific Press, 1955)

Questions on Doctrines: Adventist Classic Library, ed. by George R. Knight,

        (MI: Andrews University Press, 2003)

Seventh-day Adventists Believe: A Biblical Exposition of Fundamental Doctrines,

        (WA: Ministerial Association, 2005)

 Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary, ed. by Francis D. Nichol, 7vols

        (WA: Review and Herald, 1977), IV

Shea, William H., Daniel: A Reader’s Guide, (Canada: Pacific Press, 2005)

Shuler, John L., The Great judgement Day: In the Light of the Sanctuary Service,

         (DC: Review and Herald, 1943)

Smith, Uriah, The prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation, (CA: Pacific Press, 1944)

Symposium on Daniel: Introductory and Exegetical Studies, ed. by Frank B. Holbrook,

         (WA: Biblical Research Institute General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1986)

Timm, Alberto Ronald, The Influence of the Sanctuary Truth on the Development of Seventh-day Adventist Lifestyle, (Term Paper, Andrews University)

White, Ellen G., ‘Great Controversy’, in Spirit of Prophecy, 3 vols

        (MD: Academy), I, 777-957

White, Ellen G., ‘The Danger of Talking Doubt’, The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald,

        11 February 1890

White, James, Life Incidents, (MI: Andrews University Press, 2003)

[1] The Sanctuary doctrine

[2] Seventh-Day Adventist Bible Commentary, ed. by Francis D. Nichol, 7vols

        (WA: Review and Herald, 1977), IV, p. 844

[3] James White, Life Incidents, (MI: Andrews University Press, 2003), p. 62

[4] Alberto Ronald Timm, The Influence of the Sanctuary Truth on the Development of Seventh-day Adventist Lifestyle,

        (Term Paper, Andrews University), p. 2

[5] The Influence of the Sanctuary Truth on the Development of Seventh-day Adventist Lifestyle, p. 11

[6] Smith, Uriah, The prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation, (CA: Pacific Press, 1944), p. 185

[7] White, Ellen G., ‘The Danger of Talking Doubt’, The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald,

        11 February 1890, p. 1

[8] Haskell, Stephen N., The Story of Daniel the Prophet, (NY: Bible Training School, 1904), p. 113

[9] Shuler, John L., The Great judgement Day: In the Light of the Sanctuary Service,

         (DC: Review and Herald, 1943)

[10] The Great judgement Day: In the Light of the Sanctuary Service, p. 77

[11] Andreasen, M. L., The Sanctuary Service, (MD: Review and Herald, 1947), p. 294

[12] The Sanctuary Service, p. 297

[13] Another possible meaning of sadaq

[14] The Sanctuary Service, p. 315

[15] Questions on Doctrines: Adventist Classic Library, ed. by George R. Knight,  

        (MI: Andrews University Press, 2003), p. 334

[16] The prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation, p. 185

[17] The Sanctuary Service, p. 328

[18] White, Ellen G., ‘Great Controversy’, in Spirit of Prophecy, 3 vols

        (MD: Academy), I, 883

[19] The Sanctuary Service, pp. 294-298

[20] Desmond Ford, Daniel 8: 14, The Day of Atonement, and the Investigative Judgement,

        (FL: Euangelion Press, 1980), p. 29

[21] Kevin D. Paulson, ‘1844: Embattled Yet Enduring’,

        <http://www.greatcontroversy.org/gco/rar/pau-1844.php> [accessed 27 November 2006, p. 3

[22] Symposium on Daniel: Introductory and Exegetical Studies, ed. by Frank B. Holbrook,

         (WA: Biblical Research Institute General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1986), p. 547

[23] Seventh-day Adventists Believe: A Biblical Exposition of Fundamental Doctrines,

        (WA: Ministerial Association, 2005), p. 347

[24] Leviticus 16. 16 Thus he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel, and because of their transgressions, all their sins; and so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which remains with them in the midst of their uncleannesses.

[25] William H. Shea, Daniel: A Reader’s Guide, (Canada: Pacific Press, 2005), p. 193

[26] Daniel: A Reader’s Guide, p. 215

[27] Daniel: A Reader’s Guide, p. 228

[28] Jacques B. Doukhan, Secrets of Daniel, (MD: Review and Herald, 2000), p. 127

[29] Secrets of Daniel, p. 127

[30] Secrets of Daniel, p. 131

[31] Secrets of Daniel, p. 155

[32] White, Ellen G., ‘Great Controversy’, in Spirit of Prophecy, 3 vols (MD: Academy), I, 883

[33] Daniel: A Reader’s Guide, p. 186, Secrets of Daniel, p. 154,
    ‘1844: Embattled Yet Enduring’, p. 27

[34] The Book of Daniel, for students wanting a serious study.  Got from www.kskolen.dk

[35] The Book of Daniel

[36] Translation: extermination of all the consequences of sin taking place at the same time as Jesus returns and the earth is re-created.

[37] Petersen mentions it in lesson 12 page 6. See also page 9 and 10 in this paper.

[38] e-mail received the 30-11-2006

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